CentOS 7中手动注册服务到systemctl

本文以一个简单的java应用举例，介绍下如何将应用手动添加到systemctl中作为一个server启动。
目的:

  1. 将应用以service的形式注册进systemctl
  2. 使用普通用户启动该service
  3. 赋予普通用户启动/停止/重启该service的权限

前期准备

  • 建立deployer用户

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    sudo useradd deployer

  • 建立服务运行目录

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    sudo mkdir -p /opt/java/
    sudo chown -R deployer:deployer /opt/java/

  • 将java代码拷贝如/opt/java/目录中，名为Main.jar

以service的形式注册应用

建立java运行脚本

添加/usr/local/bin/java_server.sh, 用于java应用的启动，停止和状态检查。

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#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 2345 85 15
# description:auto_run
# 工作目录修改成自己的地址
# 注意！！！ 并且该目录中只能存在一个jar包
APP_HOME=/opt/java/
JAR_HOME_TOW="`cd ${APP_HOME} && find -name '*.jar' `"
APP_NAME=${JAR_HOME_TOW:2}
cd $APP_HOME
#检查程序是否在运行
is_exist(){
  pid=`ps -ef|grep $APP_NAME|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}' `
  #如果不存在返回1，存在返回0
  if [ -z "${pid}" ]; then
   return 1
  else
    return 0
  fi
}
#启动方法
start(){
  is_exist
  if [ $? -eq "0" ]; then
    echo "================================================="
    echo "warn: $APP_NAME is already running. (pid=$pid)"
    echo "================================================="
  else
    nohup java -jar $APP_NAME -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 > /dev/null 2>&1 &
    echo "${APP_NAME} start success"
  fi
}
#停止方法
stop(){
  is_exist
  if [ $? -eq "0" ]; then
    kill -9 $pid
	echo "${APP_NAME} stop success"
  else
	echo "================================================="
    echo "warn: $APP_NAME is not running"
    echo "================================================="
  fi
}
#输出运行状态
status(){
  is_exist
  if [ $? -eq "0" ]; then
	echo "================================================="
    echo "warn: $APP_NAME is already running. (pid=$pid)"
    echo "================================================="
  else
    echo "================================================="
    echo "warn: $APP_NAME is not running"
    echo "================================================="
  fi
}
#根据输入参数，选择执行对应方法，不输入则执行使用说明
case "$1" in
  "start")
    start
    ;;
  "stop")
    stop
    ;;
  "status")
    status
    ;;
  "restart")
    stop
	echo "restart the application ..."
    start
    ;;
  *)
	echo "================================================="
    echo "Tips: start|stop|restart|status"
    echo "================================================="
    ;;
esac

添加权限sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/java_server.sh

添加service启动脚本

添加service文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/java_server.service

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[Unit]
Description=java_server java service
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
User=deployer
Group=deployer
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/java_server.sh start
ExecReload=/usr/local/bin/java_server.sh restart
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/java_server.sh stop
PrivateTmp=false
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

此处，User和Group都设置为deployer表示以deployer用户启动该service

一些systemctl的命令:
重载系统服务: sudo systemctl daemon-reload
设置开机启动sudo systemctl enable java_server.service
启动服务sudo systemctl start java_server.service
停止服务sudo systemctl stop java_server.service
重启服务sudo systemctl restart java_server.service
服务状态 sudo systemctl status java_server.service

赋予deployer用户停止和启动该service的权限

root用户执行如下命令，赋予deployer用户启动/停止java_server.service的权限。

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START="/usr/bin/systemctl start java_server.service"
STOP="/usr/bin/systemctl stop java_server.service"
ENABLE="/usr/bin/systemctl enable java_server.service"
DISABLE="/usr/bin/systemctl disable java_server.service"
RESTART="/usr/bin/systemctl restart java_server.service"
echo "deployer  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: $START, $STOP, $ENABLE, $DISABLE, $RESTART" | tee /etc/sudoers.d/deployer-java_server
chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/deployer-java_server

设置后，/etc/sudoers.d/deployer-java_server的内容如下:

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deployer  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/systemctl start java_server.service, /usr/bin/systemctl stop java_server.service, /usr/bin/systemctl enable java_server.service, /usr/bin/systemctl disable java_server.service, /usr/bin/systemctl restart java_server.service

如有授权命令修改，可以直接更新该文件。

配置sudoer文件后，deployer用户可使用如下命令启停java_server.service

  • 启动服务sudo systemctl start java_server.service
  • 停止服务sudo systemctl stop java_server.service
  • 设置开机启动sudo systemctl enable java_server.service
  • 服务状态 sudo systemctl disable java_server.service
  • 重启服务sudo systemctl restart java_server.service

Reference

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