使用growpart热扩展CentOS7的文件系统容量

有台CentOS 7机器磁盘空间不足，扩展了一下，记录下相关步骤。

情况描述

有台虚拟机，CentOS 7.x系统，数据盘空间不足了。给该数据盘添加了100G的空间，需要在LVM和操作系统中识别并使用这100个G空间。

理论准备

  1. 使用growpart将增加的磁盘容量，添加到对应的设备块(block device)中
  2. 使用pvresize，让物理卷(Physical volume)和卷组(Volume group)中识别增加的磁盘容量。
  3. 使用lvextend，将增加的磁盘容量分配到对应的逻辑卷上(logical volume)
  4. 让文件系统识别增加的逻辑卷的容量
    • ext4系统使用resize2fs命令
    • xfs系统使用xfs_growfs命令

操作前系统信息

先查看系统磁盘使用情况，涉及到的命令如下:

  • lsblk: 列出操作系统的块设备
  • df -hT: 列出文件系统的磁盘使用情况
  • pvdisplay: LVM中列出物理卷情况
  • vgdisplay: LVM中列出卷组
  • lvdisplay: LVM中列出逻辑卷
  • fdisk -l: 列出磁盘分区表

依次执行上述命令，来显示对应的磁盘信息。

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[root@workstation ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda             8:0    0  400G  0 disk
├─sda1          8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 15.6G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3          8:3    0 84.2G  0 part /
└─sda4          8:4    0  200G  0 part
  └─data-data 253:0    0  199G  0 lvm  /data
sr0            11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# df -hT
文件系统              类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3             xfs        85G   73G   12G   87% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  228K  3.9G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  492M  3.4G   13% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/data-data ext4      196G  166G   20G   90% /data
/dev/sda1             xfs       197M  174M   23M   89% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M    0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M  8.0K  783M    1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M    0% /run/user/992
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M   16K  783M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M    0% /run/user/1002
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               data
  PV Size               200.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51199
  Free PE               255
  Allocated PE          50944
  PV UUID               n3aowT-WZ5t-nuyC-ouxx-teg7-eSkH-LMsk13
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               200.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51199
  Alloc PE / Size       50944 / 199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               dzFXji-eFJW-qn9b-D1AS-i8FD-8wyy-AlUw3y
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/data/data
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                data
  LV UUID                rd1LZS-v15P-ckwA-zX6b-9xat-rtt8-8DtPM1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time workstation.xxx.com, 2018-06-19 14:38:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                199.00 GiB
  Current LE             50944
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：429.5 GB, 429496729600 字节，838860800 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000f1626
   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    33179647    16384000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        33179648   209715199    88267776   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       209715200   629145599   209715200   8e  Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/data-data：213.7 GB, 213674622976 字节，417333248 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@workstation ~]#

实际操作步骤

安装growpart命令

使用yum安装growpart命令

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yum install cloud-utils-growpart

扩展块容量

/dev/sda中有新增的100G没有分配，需要分配到/dev/sda4的数据盘中。
使用命令: growpart /dev/sda 4来分配剩余的100G到/dev/sda4中

如果操作过程中命令报类似unexpected output in sfdisk --version [sfdisk，来自 util-linux 2.23.2]的错误, 是因为语言设置的问题。执行LANG=en_US.UTF-8修改为英文，就可以解决该问题。

growpart命令执行记录:

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[root@workstation ~]# growpart /dev/sda 4
CHANGED: partition=4 start=209715200 old: size=419430400 end=629145600 new: size=629145567 end=838860767
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda             8:0    0  400G  0 disk
├─sda1          8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 15.6G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3          8:3    0 84.2G  0 part /
└─sda4          8:4    0  300G  0 part
  └─data-data 253:0    0  199G  0 lvm  /data
sr0            11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@workstation ~]#

可以看到，执行过后，sda4的SIZE，从之前的199G变为了300G

扩容pv，vg

/dev/sda4的块容量增加了，接下来需要将增加的容量反映到pv和vg中。
使用命令pvresize /dev/sda4即可将/dev/sda4的容量更新到对应的pv和vg中。

命令扩容前:

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[root@workstation ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               data
  PV Size               200.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51199
  Free PE               255
  Allocated PE          50944
  PV UUID               n3aowT-WZ5t-nuyC-ouxx-teg7-eSkH-LMsk13
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               200.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51199
  Alloc PE / Size       50944 / 199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               dzFXji-eFJW-qn9b-D1AS-i8FD-8wyy-AlUw3y
[root@workstation ~]#

命令扩容后:

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[root@workstation ~]# pvresize /dev/sda4
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               data
  PV Size               300.00 GiB / not usable 2.98 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76799
  Free PE               25855
  Allocated PE          50944
  PV UUID               n3aowT-WZ5t-nuyC-ouxx-teg7-eSkH-LMsk13
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               300.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76799
  Alloc PE / Size       50944 / 199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25855 / 101.00 GiB
  VG UUID               dzFXji-eFJW-qn9b-D1AS-i8FD-8wyy-AlUw3y
[root@workstation ~]#

通过pvdisplay 可以看到 PV Size从200G 变为了 300G
通过vgdisplay 可以看到 VG Size从200G 变为了 300G，Free PE / Size从255 / 1020.00 MiB变为了 25855 / 101.00 GiB

对LV进行扩容

找到需要扩容的 lv path. /dev/data/data

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[root@workstation ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/data/data
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                data
  LV UUID                rd1LZS-v15P-ckwA-zX6b-9xat-rtt8-8DtPM1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time workstation.xxx.com, 2018-06-19 14:38:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                199.00 GiB
  Current LE             50944
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
[root@workstation ~]#

对lv /dev/data/data进行扩容 lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/data/data

命令输出:

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[root@workstation ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/data/data
  Size of logical volume data/data changed from 199.00 GiB (50944 extents) to 300.00 GiB (76799 extents).
  Logical volume data successfully resized.
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/data/data
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                data
  LV UUID                rd1LZS-v15P-ckwA-zX6b-9xat-rtt8-8DtPM1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time workstation.xxx.com, 2018-06-19 14:38:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                300.00 GiB
  Current LE             76799
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

查看系统文件的大小情况。

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[root@workstation ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda             8:0    0  400G  0 disk
├─sda1          8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 15.6G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3          8:3    0 84.2G  0 part /
└─sda4          8:4    0  300G  0 part
  └─data-data 253:0    0  300G  0 lvm  /data
sr0            11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# df -PTh
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             xfs        85G   73G   12G  87% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  228K  3.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  492M  3.4G  13% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/data-data ext4      196G  166G   20G  90% /data
/dev/sda1             xfs       197M  174M   23M  89% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M  8.0K  783M   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/992
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M   16K  783M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1002
[root@workstation ~]#

可以看到lvm磁盘扩容到300G了，但是系统能读取的容量还是196G。接下来进行文件系统的扩容

扩容文件系统

最后进行文件系统的在线扩容

由df -PTh的输出，可以看到这边的文件挂载类型是ext4，所以应该使用resize2fs进行扩容

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resize2fs /dev/mapper/data-data

命令输出:

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[root@workstation ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/data-data
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/data-data is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 25, new_desc_blocks = 38
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/data-data is now 78642176 blocks long.
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# df -PTh
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             xfs        85G   73G   12G  87% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  228K  3.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  500M  3.4G  13% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/data-data ext4      296G  166G  116G  60% /data
/dev/sda1             xfs       197M  174M   23M  89% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M  8.0K  783M   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/992
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M   16K  783M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1002
[root@workstation ~]#

如果文件系统挂载类型是xfs, 那么应该使用xfs_growfs dev_block的格式来进行挂载。
类似的输出如下:

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[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2424320 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=9697280, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=4735, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9697280 to 10222592
[root@localhost ~]#

最终扩容后结果

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[root@workstation ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda             8:0    0  400G  0 disk
├─sda1          8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2          8:2    0 15.6G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3          8:3    0 84.2G  0 part /
└─sda4          8:4    0  300G  0 part
  └─data-data 253:0    0  300G  0 lvm  /data
sr0            11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# df -hT
Filesystem            Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             xfs        85G   73G   12G  87% /
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  228K  3.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G  500M  3.4G  13% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/data-data ext4      296G  166G  116G  60% /data
/dev/sda1             xfs       197M  174M   23M  89% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M  8.0K  783M   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/992
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M   16K  783M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                 tmpfs     783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1002
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               data
  PV Size               300.00 GiB / not usable 2.98 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76799
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          76799
  PV UUID               n3aowT-WZ5t-nuyC-ouxx-teg7-eSkH-LMsk13
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               300.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              76799
  Alloc PE / Size       76799 / 300.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               dzFXji-eFJW-qn9b-D1AS-i8FD-8wyy-AlUw3y
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/data/data
  LV Name                data
  VG Name                data
  LV UUID                rd1LZS-v15P-ckwA-zX6b-9xat-rtt8-8DtPM1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time workstation.xxx.com, 2018-06-19 14:38:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                300.00 GiB
  Current LE             76799
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
[root@workstation ~]#
[root@workstation ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 429.5 GB, 429496729600 bytes, 838860800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000f1626
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    33179647    16384000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        33179648   209715199    88267776   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       209715200   838860766   314572783+  8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/data-data: 322.1 GB, 322118352896 bytes, 629137408 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@workstation ~]#

Reference

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